''(2) Let no man's place, or dignity, or riches, puff him up; and let no man's low condition or poverty abase him. All such persons are but monuments and sepulchres of the dead, upon which are written only the names of dead men. (5) I therefore exhort you that ye do nothing out of strife,(6) but according to the doctrine of Christ. These things[I address to you], my beloved, not that I know any of you to be in such a state;[17] but, as less than any of you, I desire to guard you beforehand, that ye fall not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, but thatye attain to full assurance in regard to the birth, and passion, and resurrection which took place in the time of the government of Pontius Pilate, being truly and certainly accomplished by Jesus Christ, who is our hope,[1] from which may no one of you ever be turned aside. CHAP. Who We Are. As persons who are perfect, ye should also aim at(10) those things which are perfect. For they think also the same thing regarding us. The time he had was put to good use by him, who sent seven letters of encouragement, teaching, and inspiration to the Christians in those towns and villages. He was named after the patron saint of the city. However, something else occurred in his life at that moment. He was the second successor to the apostle Peter in the see of Antioch. Now I desire that those things may be confirmed [by your conduct], which in your instructions ye enjoin [on others]. Therefore in your concord and harmonious love, Jesus Christ is sung. I do not issue orders to you, as if I were some great person. He that despiseth you, despiseth Me; and he that despiseth Me, despiseth Him that sent Me.". For the divinest prophets lived according to Christ Jesus. But neither was the former a mere imagination,(9) nor did the second imply a bare humanity;(10) but the one was absolutely true," and the other an economical arrangement. Oh, yes, that Jesus. The emperor knew the sect of Christians. He was rushed to the arena and promptly put to the mercy of two vicious lions, who devoured him in seconds. (13) But the Spirit proclaimed these words: Do nothing without the bishop; keep your bodies(1) as the temples of God;(2) love unity; avoid divisions; be the followers of Jesus Christ, even as He is of His Father. If I shall suffer, ye have loved me; but if I am rejected, ye have hated me. Pardon me [in this] I know what is for my benefit. ''(1) But where the shepherd is, there do ye as sheep follow. May my spirit be for you,(3) and my bonds, which ye have not despised or been ashamed of; nor shall Jesus Christ, our perfect hope, be ashamed of you. I beseech of you not to show an unseasonable good-will towards me. Rather entice the wild beasts, that they may become my tomb, and may leave nothing of my body; so that when I have fallen asleep [in death], I may be no trouble to any one. Not only that, but we dont even know when he died. He is also known for his work as a missionary in the Middle East. In such a case, I die in vain, and am guilty of falsehood(10) against the cross of the Lord. God will recompense you, for whose sake ye have shown such kindness towards His prisoner. He who honours the bishop has been honoured by God; he who does anything without the knowledge of the bishop, does[in reality] serve the devil. Let not envy find a dwelling-place among you; nor even should I, when present with you, exhort you to it, be ye persuaded to listen to me, but rather give credit to those things which I now write to you. CHAP. Do ye all come together in common, and individually,(15) through grace, in one faith of God the Father, and of Jesus Christ His only-begotten Son, and "the first-born of every creature,"(16) but of the seed of David according to the flesh, being under the guidance of the Comforter, in obedience to the bishop and the presbytery with an undivided mind, breaking one and the same bread, which is the medicine of immortality, and the antidote which prevents us from dying, but a cleansing remedy driving away evil, [which causes] that we should live in God through Jesus Christ. Look for Him who is above all time, eternal and invisible, yet who became visible for our sakes; impalpable and impassible, yet who became passible on our account; and who in every kind of way suffered for our sakes. ''(9) Masters, be gentle towards your servants, as holy Job has taught you;(10) for there is one nature, and one family of mankind. (4) And if those that corrupt mere human families are condemned to death, how much more shall those suffer everlasting punishment who endeavour to corrupt the Church of Christ, for which the Lord Jesus, the only-begotten Son of God, endured the cross, and submitted to death! Let no one of you cherish any grudge against his neighbour. VI. And be ye subject also to the presbytery, as to the apostles of Jesus Christ, who is be subject to the presbytery, as to the apostle of Jesus Christ, who is our hope, in whom, if we live, we shall [at last] be found. For I am as yet exposed to danger. I pray for your happiness for ever in our God, Jesus Christ, by whom continue ye in the unity and under the protection of God,(12) I salute Alce, my dearly beloved. On his journey through Asia Minor, he came across Christian communities anxious to meet him and encourage him, just as he was eager to visit them and encourage them. "[1] Permit them, then, to be in structed by you. Then, going on from that place to Neapolis, he went [on foot] by Philippi through Macedonia, and on to that part of Epirus which is near Epidamnus; and finding a ship in one of the seaports, he sailed over the Adriatic Sea, and entering from it on the Tyrrhene, he passed by the various islands and cities, until, when Puteoli came in sight, he was eager there to disembark, having a desire to tread in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul (Acts 28:13-14). For when ye come frequently together in the same place, the powers of Satan are destroyed, and his "fiery darts"(6) urging to sin fall back ineffectual. Ignatius, who is also called Theopharus, to the Church which is at Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness and fulness of God the Father, and predestinated before the beginning[1] of time, that it should be always for an enduring and unchangeable glory, being united[2] and elected through the true passion by the will of the Father, and Jesus Christ, our God: Abundant happiness through Jesus Christ, and His undefiled grace. And one Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God., Jesus. By it(9) He calls you through His passion, as being His members. From here, he penned his letters to the Christian congregations in Ephesus, Magnesia, and Tralles, all of which were located nearby. "What communion hath light with darkness? For if he that rises up against kings is justly held worthy of punishment, inasmuch as he dissolves public order, of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy,(8) who presumes to do anything without the bishop, thus both destroying the[Church's] unity, and throwing its order into confusion? (10) And even though I were established(11) in things pertaining to God, yet then would it befit me to be the more fearful, and not give heed to those that vainly puff me up. Having therefore received through him the testimony of your good-will, according to God, I gloried to find you, as I knew you were, the followers of God. Without reference to such abstruse subjects, I am still but a learner [in other respects(5)]; for many things are wanting to us, that we come not short of God. Fare ye well in harmony, ye who have obtained the inseparable Spirit, in Christ Jesus, by the will of God. After Him, we must also honour the king. Given that Ignatius lived so many centuries ago, we know relatively little about his early years. "(13) And Moses declares, "For their murmuring is not against us, but against the Lord God. Most recent commentators are agreed that Ignatius understood his death in terms of a number of in- Ignatius of Antioch is observed on the 17th of October in Antioch. I WRITE THESE THINGS TO WARN YOU. Many Christians are unfamiliar with the writings of early Church Fathers such as Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, Justin the Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, Cyprian of Carthage, Athanasius, Ephraim, Cyril of Jerusalem, Hilary of Poitiers, and Gregory the Great, to name a few. Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the [Church] blessed in the grace of God the Father, in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in whom I salute the Church which is at Magnesia, near the Moeander, and wish it abundance of happiness in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ, our Lord, in whom may you have abundance of happiness. Give thyself to prayer Without ceasing. Wherefore it is fitting that ye should run together in accordance with the will of your bishop, which thing also ye do. He who rose for our sakes is my one desire." "The Lord grant" to you "that ye may find mercy of the Lord in that day! Thats the Jesus I mean.. I do not ordain these things as an apostle: for "who am I, or what is my father's house,"(1) that I should pretend to be equal in honour to them? It is fitting, O Polycarp, most blessed in God, to assemble a very solemn(3) council, and to elect one whom you greatly love, and know to be a man of activity, who may be designated the messenger of God;(4) and to bestow on him the honour of going into Syria, so that, going into Syria, he may glorify your ever active love to the praise of God. Saint Ignatius martyrdom is shown in this icon. Now the virginity of Mary was hidden from the prince of this world, as was also her offspring, and the death of the Lord; three mysteries of renown,(5) which were wrought in silence, but have been revealed to us. To the Ephesians, 2. (3) Those that corrupt families shall not inherit the kingdom of God. Following Domitians assassination in the year 96, his successor Nerva reigned for just a short time before being succeeded by the Emperor Trajan. It was during the reign of Emperor Trajan that Ignatius was arrested. CHAP. YE HAVE GIVEN NO HEED TO FALSE TEACHERS. Front-Line Missionaries for Souls Salvation, Ignatian Blackrobes: Priest-Explorers for Souls Salvation, The Why of Countless Unknown Heroic Priests, Ignatians: New Order With Ancient Roots for Eternal Truths, Ethos: Ignatian Traditional Thomistic, Why Society of Ignatians is doubly Ignatian, Society of Ignatians Mystical-Chivalric Mystique, Ignatian Mystique: Chivalric because Mystical, Ignatian Chivalric Mystique & Ignatius Loyola, We Are Catholic Clearly, Strongly, Integrally, Ignatius Loyolas Chivalric Vision of Christ, Ignatian Dedication to St. Ignatius of Antioch, Ignatian Obedience: Confronting Dictatorship, We are Ultra-Modern because we are Traditional, Tradition: North Star of Personal and Social Identity, Tradition: Sensitivity to Mankinds Heritage, Tradition: Gateway to the Genius and Heroism of Catholicism, Tradition versus Dictatorship: the Identifier of the Enemy, Tradition: Assault on the Dictatorship of Relativism, Tradition: The Engine of Genuine Human Progress. And why are we not all prudent, since we have received the knowledge of God, which is Jesus Christ? I desire the bread of God, the heavenly bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who became afterwards of the seed of David and Abraham; and I desire the drink, namely His blood, which is incorruptible love and eternal life. But if they be unwilling to assail me, I will compel them to do so. But as for me, I am ashamed to be counted one of them; for indeed I am not worthy, as being the very last of them, and one born out of due time. Do not at any time desire so much as even to breathe apart from Him. Such a person is defiled in his conscience, and is worse than an infidel. Let them not wish to be set free [from slavery] at the public expense, that they be not found slaves to their own desires. T/F, 5. Take care, then, to use only one Eucharist, so that whatever you do is in accordance with God: for there is only one Flesh of our Lord Jesus Christ, and only one cup in the union of His Blood; only one altar, just as there is only one bishop with the presbytery and my fellow servants, the deacons; and only one altar, just as there is only one bishop with the presbytery and my fellow servants, the deacons. Chapter 6 of the Letter to the Smyrnaeans (110 A.D.) Observe the people who hold heterodox views on the grace of Jesus Christ, which has been extended to us, and consider how their views are at odds with the mind of God.They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the Flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, Flesh which suffered for our sins and which the Father, in His goodness, raised up again. where the disputer? For though some would nave deceived me according to the flesh, yet my spirit is not deceived; for I have received it from God. But the Gospel possesses something transcendent [above the former dispensation], viz. St. Ignatius of Antioch, also known asIgnatius Theophoros (Greek: God Bearer),bishopofAntioch, Syria (now in Turkey), who died in Rome in the year 110, is best known for seven highly regarded letters he wrote while on a trip to Rome as a prisoner condemned to death for his religious beliefs. CHAP. "[1] And indeed Onesimus himself greatly commends your good order in God, that ye all live according to the truth, and that no sect ' has any dwelling-place among you. He died a martyrs death in front of hundreds of onlookers on the streets of Rome. Opportunities for involvement are available through our various programs, ministries, and outreaches. Children, obey your parents, and have an affection for them, as workers together with God for your birth [into the world]. For we ought to receive every one whom the Master of the house sends to be over His household,[11] as we would do Him that sent him. Ignatius writings were filled with fervor as he emphasized the need of Church unity, the perils of heresy, and the transcendent value of the Eucharist as the medicine of immortality in the lives of those who received it. For neither shall I ever hereafter have such an opportunity of attaining to God; nor will ye, if ye shall now be silent, ever be entitled to s the honour of a better work. He began to read the names of the people who were coming before him that day. I salute Attalus, my beloved. But lets start at the beginning of the process. Trivia Ignatius was the first person to use the term Catholic to designate the entire church. Ignatius appears to have fought against two types of heretics: (1) Judaizers, who refused to recognize the authority of the New Testament and continued to practice Jewish practices such as keeping the Sabbath; and (2)docetists, who held that Christ suffered and died only in appearance (from the Greekdokein, to appear). I tolerate anything that I may have to undergo in his company because he who has become a perfect man helps me in my weakness. What a frame of mind! For I have heard some saying, If I do not find the Gospel in the archives, I will not believe it. Death in Christ Jesus is preferable than control over the farthest reaches of the planet for me. MAINTAIN UNION WITH THE BISHOP. Abide in Christ, that the stranger[11] may not have dominion over you. These persons neither have the prophets persuaded, nor the law of Moses, nor the Gospel even to this day, nor the sufferings we have individually endured. Theophorus. It was one of the greatest and most important Greek cities of the Hellenistic period. For He is my hope; He is my boast; He is my never-failing riches, on whose account I bear about with me these bonds from Syria to Rome, these spiritual jewels, in which may I be perfected through your prayers, and become a partaker of the sufferings of Christ, and have fellowship with Him in His death, His resurrection from the dead, and His everlasting life. Now I write these things to you from Smyrna by the Ephesians, who are deservedly most happy. According to the Roman authorities, he was a disruptive influence in an empire that saw the pagan religious practices of the city-state of Rome as a politically uniting force. For, says He, "Grant unto them, Holy Father, that as I and Thou are one, they also may be one in us. For thus saith the Lord, "If ye take forth the precious from the vile, ye shall be as my mouth. "[8] Now the way is unerring, namely, Jesus Christ. To the Romans, 5. CHAP. Antioch - Wikipedia But your prayer to God shall make me perfect, that I may attain that to which I have been called, while I flee to the Gospel as to the flesh of Jesus Christ, and to the apostles as the presbytery of the Church. I REJOICE IN YOUR MESSENGERS. History has forgotten the specifics of Ignatius death, but not his resolve to make his life meaningful: I want my life to mean something. Now Im starting to learn how to be a disciple. Members of the Church were urged in the letters to be faithful to the Lord and to adhere to the teachings of their respective bishops. For it is easy for you to accomplish what you please; but it is difficult for me to attain to God, if ye do not spare me,(2) under the pretence of carnal affection. For says [the Scripture], "Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and He shall be called Immanuel. And all such conduct has reference not to man,(10) but to God, who knows all secrets. For I am afraid of your love,(7) lest it should do me an injury. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. (13), Give ye heed to the bishop, that God also may give heed to you. For let us either stand in awe of the wrath to come, or show regard for the grace which is at present displayed one of two things. It is fitting, then, not only to be called Christians, but to be so in reality. (9) "For the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. ALLOW ME TO FALL A PREY TO THE WILD BEASTS. Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the Church which is at Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness and fulness of God the Father, and predestinated before the beginning[1] of time, that it should be always for an enduring and unchangeable glory, being united[2] and elected through the true passion by the will of God the Father, and of our Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour: Abundant happiness through Jesus Christ, and His undefiled joy.[3]. Modern Persecution of Christians in China, Patriarch Jacobs Well & St. Philoumenous, Slaughter of the Theban Legion C. 286 AD, LapsiChristians Who Lapse/Abandon Their Faith, Evodias Named Followers of Christ Christians. And indeed Onesimus himself greatly commends your good order in God, that ye all live according to the truth, and that no sect has any dwelling-place among you. My deepest desire is to be a part of Gods family. All of these letters essentially pleaded with Christians to be faithful to God. I entreat you in love to hear me, that I may not, by having thus written, be a testimony against you. Permit me to be an imitator of the passion of Christ, my God. Facts Feastday: October 17 Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Printable PDF of St. Ignatius of Antioch Shop St. Ignatius of Antioch "I prefer death in Christ Jesus to power over the farthest limits of the earth. As far as he was concerned, the only thing that could go wrong was interfering Christians. For though I am alive while I write to you, yet I am eager to die for the sake of Christ. Crocus also, worthy both of God and you, whom we have received as the manifestation[2] of your love to us, hath in all things refreshed[3] me, and "hath not been ashamed of my chain,"[4] as the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ will also refresh[3] him; together with Onesimus, and Burrhus, and Euplus, and Fronto, by means of whom I have, as to love, beheld all of you. For though some would nave deceived me according to the flesh, yet the Spirit, as being from God, is not deceived. The Life and Times of Saint Ignatius of Antioch Ignatius, who was born in Syria, turned to Christianity and eventually rose to the position of bishop of Antioch. Let not those who seem worthy of credit, but teach strange doctrines,(6) fill thee with apprehension. XV. For if I in this brief space of time, have enjoyed such fellowship with your bishop I mean not of a mere human, but of a spiritual nature how much more do I reckon you happy who are so joined to him as the Church is to Jesus Christ, and as Jesus Christ is to the Father, that so all things may agree in unity !Let no man deceive himself: if any one be not within the altar, he is deprived of the bread of God. I salute all by name, and in particular the wife of Epitropus, with all her house and children. "(14) Those that profess themselves to be Christ's are known not only by what they say, but by what they practise. Only you must pray for them, if by any means they may be brought to repentance. Now I begin to be a disciple, and have(7) no desire after anything visible or invisible, that I may attain to Jesus Christ. (13) When he is hated by the world, he is beloved of God. Have a regard to preserve unity, than which nothing is better. For only the harder portions of his holy remains were left, which were conveyed to Antioch and wrapped in linen, as an inestimable treasure left to the holy Church by the grace which was in the martyr. For the beloved prophets announced Him,(17) but the Gospel is the perfection of immortality. II. His pupils heard him teach orthopraxy, or the proper practice of medicine. I mean the one who crucified sin along with its inventor, Emperor. Ignatian Oath: Oaths of Pius X and John XXIII, Growth in closeness to Christ through Grace, Growth in closeness to Christ through Prayer, Heroic Following means Sweat and Struggle, Ignatians: Chivalrous Knights of Our Lady, Ignatian Chivalric Allegiance to Our Lady, Ignatians: Consecrated to Immaculate Heart of Our Lady, Ignatians and Our Lady, Mediatrix of All Graces, Ignatians: Men Vowed to Love Heroically Love Loves unto Purity, Why the Heroic Christ chose to be Celibate, Celibacy: Christs Motives the Priests Motives, Defending Mystical Body of Christ from Dictatorship of Relativism, Priestly Fatherhood: Man for His Sons and Daughters, Scientist demands Priests who are Fathers, Men who do not Forget the Souls in Purgatory, The Ignatians Prayer: Longing for Heaven. If any one confesses Christ Jesus the Lord, but denies the God of the law and of the prophets, saying that the Father of Christ is not the Maker of heaven and earth, he has not continued in the truth any more than his father the devil,(10) and is a disciple of Simon Magus, not of the Holy Spirit. We have also as a Physician the Lord our God, Jesus the Christ, the only-begotten Son and Word, before time began,[8] but who afterwards became also man, of Mary the virgin. But the Father is faithful in Jesus Christ to fulfil both mine and your petitions: in whom may ye be found unblameable. "[9] Therefore those great ones, Abraham and Job,[10] styled themselves "dust and ashes[11] before God. Share. Wherefore none of the devices of the devil shall be hidden from you, if, like Paul, ye perfectly possess that faith and love towards Christ(10) which are the beginning and the end of life. It is absurd to speak of Jesus Christ with the tongue, and to cherish in the mind a Judaism which has now come to an end. Nor was this all; but also after He had shown Himself to them, that He had risen indeed, and not in appearance only, He both ate and drank with them during forty entire days. Copy link. He visited with leaders of local churches at practically every stop, and he wrote seven letters throughout the course of the journey, with the assistance of a secretary. Thus, being joined together in concord and harmonious concord and harmonious love, of which Jesus Christ is the Captain and Guardian, do ye, man by man, become but one choir; so that, agreeing together in concord, and obtaining[1] a perfect unity with God, ye may indeed be one in harmonious feeling with God the Father, and His beloved Son Jesus Christ our Lord. "(18) It is good to teach, if he who speaks also acts. "[6] Wherefore also, ye appear to me to live not after the manner of men, but according to Jesus Christ, who died for us, in order that, by believing in His death, ye may by baptism be made partakers of His resurrection. We can understand the Circus Maximus. CHAP. Support(2) all in love, as also thou doest. If any one is defrauded, if any one is despised, for the name of the Lord, he truly is the servant of Christ. Wherefore my soul declares his mind towards God a happy one, knowing it to be virtuous and perfect, and that his stability as well as freedom from all anger is after the example of the infinite(6) meekness of the living God. Unless he believes that Christ Jesus has lived in the flesh, and shall confess His cross and passion, and the blood which He shed for the salvation of the world, he shall not obtain eternal life, whether he be a king, or a priest, or a ruler, or a private person, a master or a servant, a man or a woman. His support for a hierarchical church structure with a strong focus on episcopal power, his insistence on the true humanity of Christ, and his intense desire to become a martyr are all topics that have sparked significant debate. CAUTION AGAINST FALSE DOCTRINES. (9) "It is hard to kick against the pricks;"(10)it is hard to disbelieve Christ; it is hard to reject the preaching of the apostles. See,[2] then, that they be instructed by your works, if in no other way. Mitigate violent attacks [of disease] by gentle applications. "[3] Be ye humble in response to their wrath; oppose to their blasphemies your earnest prayers; while they go astray, stand ye stedfast in the faith. He did, however, write to the congregations at Philadelphia and Smyrna (these letters were brought by Burrus, who had accompanied him on his journey to Troas), as well as to Bishop Polycarp, who he addressed in a personal letter, and asked him to write to other churches on his behalf. The Comforter is holy, and the Word is holy, the Son of the Father, by whom He made all things, and exercises a providence over them all. As to my fellow-servant Burrhus, your deacon in regard to God and blessed in all things,[1] I beg that he may continue longer, both for your honour and that of your bishop. My spirit salutes you,(2) not only now, but also when I shall have attained to God; for I am as yet exposed to danger. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. In the eyes of many Christians, Ignatius of Antioch was a founding father of the church. The rest of the Churches, in honour of Jesus Christ, also salute you. And act so that your life shall be without offence to all men, lest ye become as "a snare upon a watch-tower, and as a net which is spread out. [2] He who knows these things with a full assurance, and believes them, is happy; even as ye are now the lovers of God and of Christ, in the full assurance of our hope, from which may no one of us[3] ever be turned aside! However, if you do not take my plea into consideration, it will be extremely impossible for me to reach God. Ignatius ultimate purpose was to resemble our God Jesus Christ in death, and this was his true motivation. Moreover, they reveal more about the Church at the time of their composition (which is, after all, the primary reason for their importance) than they do about the man who wrote them. For he who shall both "do and teach, the same shall be great in the kingdom. For it is easy for you to accomplish what you please; but it is difficult for me to attain to God, if ye spare me. Why do I long to be exposed to s the wild beasts? Ignatius of Antioch was one of the early Christians to be martyred. It is fitting also that the deacons, as being [the ministers] of the mysteries of Jesus Christ, should in every respect be pleasing to all. It is good to set from the world unto God, that I may rise again to Him. The head, therefore, cannot be born by itself, without its members; God, who is [the Saviour] Himself, having promised their union.(10). Death in Christ Jesus is preferable than dominion over the farthest reaches of the planet for me. (Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons). He who possesses the word of Jesus, is truly able to hear even His very silence, that he may be perfect, and may both act as he speaks, and be recognised by his silence. Nothing is more precious than peace, by which all war, both in heaven and earth,(8) is brought to an end. It is not lawful without the bishop either to baptize, or to offer, or to present sacrifice, or to celebrate a love-feast. Pray ye for me, that I may attain [the object of my desire]. (10) The Christian is not the result (12) of persuasion, but of power. Despite the fact that St. Ignatius was a prominent church leader and theologian, he is most remembered for his own writings, which account for nearly all of what is known about him. Let not those who seem worthy of credit, but teach strange doctrines,(6) fill thee with apprehension. "[4] And He says of Himself to the Father, "I have," says He, "glorified Thee upon the earth; I have finished the work which, Thou gavest Me; I have manifested Thy name to men. Fast Facts: Ignatius of Antioch Also Known As: Theophorus "God-Bearer" Born: between 35-50 CE, in Asia Minor Died: about 110 CE in Rome
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