[237], The western half of the southernmost block of the complex along Sixth Avenue, between 48th and 49th streets, contains the former U.S. Rubber Company Building (now Simon & Schuster Building) at 1230 Avenue of the Americas. [301][307][302] The sunken rectangular plaza, planted with shrubs, provided a sense of privacy and enclosure when it was originally built. [27] The Metropolitan Square Corporation (the precursor to Rockefeller Center Inc.) was formed in December 1928 to oversee construction. [371], The art that currently exists within Rockefeller Center was inspired by Professor Alexander's arts program. [130] Because the complex was almost completely rented, Rockefeller Center's managers kept waiting lists of potential tenants, and as a result of the waiting lists, the complex's office space became more desirable to these tenants. [373] Isamu Noguchi's gleaming stainless steel bas-relief, News, over the main entrance to 50 Rockefeller Plaza (the Associated Press Building) was, at the time of commissioning, the largest metal bas-relief in the world. [285] Notable modern tenants include the Today Show studios,[286] and since 2005, the Nintendo New York store. [239] It was renamed after Uniroyal in 1967,[240] and again after Simon & Schuster in 1976. From Rockefeller Center to the World Trade Center, the iconic buildings that give the New York City skyline its sex appeal are welcoming back. The core of the complex was completed by 1939. The new building would add emphasis to any northsouth views of the center, since the existing complex's building only formed westeast axes. [148] As a result of Sinclair's relocation to 600 Fifth Avenue, as well as Esso's relocation to 75 Rockefeller Plaza, NBC and RCA could expand into the space that Sinclair and Esso formerly occupied in the original complex, and they moved out of the Center Theatre shortly after the Sinclair Oil Company moved into its own tower. They initially gained a lease extension until 1942, but ended up leasing their property until 1975, and was built around Maxwell's and Hurley and Daly's properties. In each case, the landlord was granted . [152] It was demolished in 1954. [180] The major exception was in the 1970s, when it was only 85percent rented. [320], The northern, southern, and eastern sides of the plaza are surrounded by a walkway that is several steps below street level, with staircases at either western end as well as at the plaza's Channel Gardens entrance. [225][226] In addition, 19 eateries opened within Rockefeller Center during the early 2020s, including 12 sit-down restaurants. The most cynical opinion came from architectural scholar Lewis Mumford, who so hated the "weakly conceived, reckless, romantic chaos" of the March 1931 plans for Rockefeller Center that he reportedly went into exile in upstate New York. The story of Rockefeller Center is driven by virtually the same circumstances that befell investors in smaller properties of less than $1 million (as well as $1 billion properties) during the 1980 . However, the complex was already 87% rented by 1940, and by the next year, Rockefeller Center was nearly fully rented, making a profit for the first time in its history. [328], The urban planner Le Corbusier had a more optimistic view of the complex, expressing that Rockefeller Center was "rational, logically conceived, biologically normal, [and] harmonious". [366][368] Alexander submitted his plan for the site's artwork in December 1932. [67][262] Henry Hofmeister designed the building, as well as several other office buildings in the city that were built over theaters. Rockefeller Center was also popular among visitors: for instance, the lines to enter one of the Music Hall's five daily shows stretched from Sixth Avenue and 50th Street to Fifth Avenue and 52nd Street, a distance of four blocks. [163] The Exxon Building, at 1251 Avenue of the Americas between 49th and 50th streets, was formally announced in August 1967. [311] At the western end of the promenade is a plaque commemorating the original Elgin Gardens, as well as a bronze monumental plaque to John D. Rockefeller Jr (see below). 600 Fifth Avenue Aritzia is an innovative women's fashion boutique that cherishes excellent design and quality, offering beautiful clothes and accessories that no one can match at its price point. [164] Three months later, officials also announced plans for a tower housing McGraw-Hill, located one block south at 1221 Avenue of the Americas. [66], The RKO Building was the first structure to be completed, in September 1932,[67] followed by the Music Hall in December 1932[68][69] and the British Empire Building in April 1933. [321] The poles were installed in 1942 and were originally intended to be temporary. [6], The east side of Sixth Avenue, officially known as Avenue of the Americas,[234] contains most of the buildings that were built specifically for the proposed radio complex. [354] The roof gardens of the International Building's wings were restored in 1986 for $48,000 each, followed by the gardens on the British and French buildings, which were restored the next year. [52][53][54], During early planning, the development was often referred to as "Radio City",[29] "Rockefeller City", or "Metropolitan Square" (after the Metropolitan Square Corporation). [274][275] One of two skyscrapers that opened in Manhattan in 1935, it was noted for its short 136-day duration of construction,[83] as well as the construction quality, overall design, and materials used. [162] Rockefeller Center's managers hired the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz to design three new towers on the west side of Sixth Avenue, with one tower on each block between 47th and 50th streets. Center; Rockefeller International and Italian Buildings to Be Ready by May 1. [267] The RKO Building served as headquarters for its namesake company in the 1930s, and was renamed for the American Metal Climax Company (AMAX), its new owners, in the early 1960s. [229], The current complex is a combination of two building complexes and a standalone building: the original 14 Art Deco office buildings from the 1930s, one building across 51st Street built in 1947, and a set of four International-style towers built along the west side of Avenue of the Americas during the 1960s and 1970s. [271], The southernmost of the four retail buildings is La Maison Francaise (literally "the French House") at 610 Fifth Avenue,[247] which opened in October 1933. [98], 600 Fifth Avenue is located at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 48th Street and was built after the other buildings in the main complex, opening in 1952. Various plans were discussed before the current one was approved in 1932. 30 Rockefeller Plaza - Wikipedia Construction of Rockefeller Center - Wikipedia [391][392] After Nelson issued a written warning to Rivera to replace the offending figure with an anonymous face, Rivera refused (after offering to counterbalance Lenin with a portrait of Lincoln). The building contains a main lobby at 48th Street, a service entrance to the same street, and a connection to 1 Rockefeller Plaza at its west end. Containing figures of Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi, and Ralph Waldo Emerson, it wraps around the west wall of 30 Rockefeller Plaza's Grand Lobby. [268], The International Complex is along Fifth Avenue, with the 41-story International Building and four smaller country-themed structures with retail outlets. [21][22] Columbia leased the plot to Rockefeller for 87 years at a cost of $3 million per year,[21] excluding some properties on Fifth Avenue and a strip on Sixth Avenue. This system of setbacks would continue until the tower reaches a floor level in which that level's floor area was 25% that of the ground level's area. [71] A new street through the complex, Rockefeller Plaza, was constructed in stages between 1933[72] and 1937. [145][289][161] 600 Fifth Avenue contains a limestone facade, consistent with that of the original complex, as well as a seventh-story setback on its Fifth Avenue side and rooftop gardens on its setbacks. [158] In 1961, the building was named after Sperry Corporation, who leased eight floors in the future building. [402][403] Douglas Haskell, who formerly edited Architectural Forum magazine, wrote that Rockefeller Center's ambiance was "gray, unreal, baleful". [273] Immediately across the Channel Gardens to the north of La Maison Francaise is its twin, the British Empire Building at 620 Fifth Avenue,[247] which opened in April 1933. [119] Architectural historian Carol Herselle Krinsky describes the center as "the only large private permanent construction project planned and executed between the start of the Depression and the end of the Second World War". ''Rockefeller Center looks like Armageddon,'' said David Liederman, a tenant on West 50th Street who is converting his Television City theme restaurant into Chez Louis, a bistro specializing in . [79][4][54][80] The empty office site was downsized and became the "International Building North", rented by various international tenants. [137] Rockefeller Center unveiled plans for expansion to the southwest and north in 1944. [75] By July 1934, the complex had leased 80% of the available space in the six buildings that were already opened. [145][146] The congregation was dispersed to other churches, and the old church building at Fifth Avenue and 48th Street was subsequently demolished. Radio City, along Sixth Avenue and centered on 30 Rockefeller Plaza, includes Radio City Music Hall and was built for RCA's radio-related enterprises such as NBC. [101][4] The presence of Associated Press and Time Inc. expanded Rockefeller Center's scope from strictly a radio-communications complex to a hub of both radio and print media. ", "A Quiet Place at Rca's Summit Drifts Onto the Pages of the Past", "Japanese Buy New York Cachet With Deal for Rockefeller Center", "For the Rockefellers, a Deal Falls Short Only by Inches", "Preservationists Criticize Rockefeller Center Renovation Plan", "Rockefeller Center Quietly Closes Theater", "Era Closes at Rockefeller Center With $1.85 Billion Deal on Sale", "Bringing Up the Basement; Rockefeller Center Is Turning Its Underground Concourse Into a Shiny New Shopping Zone. [132][154] In August 1953, Rockefeller Center, Inc., bought a tract of land on the west side of Sixth Avenue between 50th and 51st streets. [273], The 512-foot (156m) International Building has the address 630 Fifth Avenue to its east, or 45 Rockefeller Plaza to its west. Rockefeller's beliefs include "the supreme worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" (the first principle) and "truth and justice are fundamental to an enduring social order" (the sixth principle). NYC Office Suites - 1270 Avenue of the Americas | LiquidSpace [153][246], The block immediately to the north, on Sixth Avenue between 49th and 50th streets, is occupied by 30 Rockefeller Plaza and its western annex at 1250 Sixth Avenue. The new owners moved to evict hundreds of residents,. [270] The Channel Gardens separate the British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise. 1271 Avenue of the Americas (formerly known as the Time & Life Building) is a 48-story skyscraper on Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), between 50th and 51st Streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.Designed by architect Wallace Harrison of Harrison, Abramovitz, and Harris, the building was developed between 1956 and 1960 as part of Rockefeller Center. [320][322] The poles originally displayed the flags of the United Nations' member countries,[320] although in later years they also carried flags of the U.S. states and territories, or decorative and seasonal motifs. [53][269], All four retail the structures have identical limestone facades, roof gardens, and ground-floor storefronts, but differ in the artworks with which they were decorated. [142], Some tenants, such as the Sinclair Oil Corporation, indicated that they wanted to leave the complex after their leases expired in 19621963 because the original complex's buildings did not have air conditioning, while newer office buildings did. [114] John Rockefeller installed the building's ceremonial final rivet on November 1, 1939, marking the completion of the original complex. 1260 Avenue of the Americas: Radio City Music Hall 1270 Avenue of the Americas (528,000 sq ft) - Originally the RKO Building, later the American Metal Climax (AMAX) Building This came after Nelson had been unable to secure the commissioning of either Matisse or Picasso. [374][375] The complex's other sculptors included Rene Chambellan, Leo Friedlander, Robert Garrison, Alfred Janniot, Carl Paul Jennewein, Gaston Lachaise, Leo Lentelli, Paul Manship, Giacomo Manz, Hildreth Meiere, and Attilio Piccirilli. They worked under the umbrella of "Associated Architects" so none of the buildings could be attributed to any specific firm. The original center has several sections. [244] These buildings exist as a result of two tenants who refused to sell their rights to Rockefeller during construction. [108][109] Excavation started in October 1938, and the building was topped out by April 1939. By contrast, almost everyone else who supported Rockefeller Center's landmark status recommended that the entire complex be landmarked. [126] Instructions for blackouts and sandbags for extinguishing fires were placed throughout the complex. Center is located on approximately 12 acres covering most of three city blocks and is comprised of 12 landmarked buildings containing approximately 6.2 million square feet of rentable space. 1270 6th Ave, 7 & 8 Floors, New York, NY 10020 - Confirmed Open. Urged To Cut Through Radio City on Three Levels", "Lever House Closes Once a Year to Maintain Its Ownership Rights", "Gardens of the World Atop Radio City; New York Watches the Growth of a New Venture in the Realm of Horticulture", "3 New Rooftop Gardens; Rockefeller Center Unit Will Open Terrace Displays", "2 Radio City Theatres To Build Roof Gardens", "Rockefeller City Gets a Huge Ramp; It Will Take Trucks 34 Feet Underground to Help Solve Traffic Problem. Installed in 1936, it replaced unprofitable retail space that had been constructed as part of the original center. Rockefeller Center - Wikipedia Home to Top of the Rock Observation Deck, NBC Studios, Radio City Music Hall and much more. Frontage Now Complete; Promenade to Link Lobbies of Twin Structures in Novel Shopping Arcade", "Radio City Lease Takes in 6 Floors; General Dynamics Is Lessee and Gives Name to Old Time-Life Building", "General Dynamics Moving Headquarters Out of City", "Visit the TODAY plaza: What you need to know", "Nintendo World Store Opening Party Nintendo Spin", "Large Space in Fifth Ave. Area Leased For Development of Swiss Trade Center", "75 Rockefeller Plaza Time Warner Lease Mohamed Al-Fayed", "RXR Said to Buy 99-Year Leasehold at 75 Rockefeller Plaza", "Touches of Sidewalk Splendor Planned for Midtown", "Fox and News Corp. to keep, expand Midtown headquarters", "Exxon moving corporate headquarters to Dallas", "The History of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree, a NYC Tradition", "What are the world's best ice skating rinks? [6][188][189] The United States Department of the Interior wrote in its report that the center was "one of the most successful urban planning projects in the history of American architecture". [247] The tower stands at 41 stories high, including mechanical floors. [278] The Palazzo d'Italia is at 626 Fifth Avenue, on the south side of the plaza, while International Building North is at 636 Fifth Avenue, north of the plaza. Contemporary advertisements for shopping on Fifth Avenue touted the complex's proximity to the Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store and St. Patrick's Cathedral. [366][368] Sculptor Lee Lawrie contributed the largest number of individual pieces twelve, including the Atlas statue facing Fifth Avenue and the conspicuous friezes of Wisdom above the main entrance to 30 Rockefeller Plaza. )[398] Rivera's fresco in the center was replaced with a larger mural by the Catalan artist Josep Maria Sert, titled American Progress, depicting a vast allegorical scene of men constructing modern America. [106] The next year, in July 2015, the GE Building was renamed after Comcast, the parent company of NBCUniversal. [135][153], Time-Life also wanted to expand, as its existing space in 1 Rockefeller Plaza was also becoming insufficient. Rockefeller Group is an American private company based in New York City, primarily involved in real estate operations in the United States and it is a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Estate Co. [193] The Rainbow Room was closed for a $20 million restoration and expansion that brought the restaurant's floor area to 4,500 square feet (420m2),[194] and it reopened in December 1987. [382][383][384], Commissioned in 1936 and executed by Lee Lawrie and Rene Chambellan, the Atlas statue is located in the International Building's courtyard. [338] They were originally composed of thirteen nation-specific gardens whose layouts were inspired by the gardens in the respective countries they represented. Rockefeller Center Tenants Won't Be Homeless; Missing Scandal To Serve 3-Block Area; All Deliveries Will Be Made Below the Surface and Transferred to Elevators", "The Concourse at Rockefeller Center: Directory", "Babylonian Gardens To Blossom 60 Stories Above Street In 'Radio City', "Native Art to Lead in New Music Hall; Rockefeller Centre Unit Will Offer Striking Display of Modern Decorations", "Stuart Davis at the Whitney The painter behind a prized Radio City mural", "Rivera RCA Mural Is Cut From Wall; Rockefeller Center Destroys Lenin Painting At Night And Replasters Space. Each of the nation-themed gardens were separated by barriers. 1271 Avenue of the Americas - Wikipedia [310] During the winter, the Channel Gardens' fountains were shut off and decorated with Valerie Clarebout's sculptures of angels. [344] The Associated Press Building's 15th-story roof, as well as the isolated location of the International Building and the high cost of these gardens, made this system infeasible. Originally, the venture wanted to construct a hotel to the west of 75 Rockefeller Center, but ultimately, a glass-and-concrete 43-story office building was built on the site. Bringing Up the Basement; Rockefeller Center Is Turning Its Underground Vandalism,' Says Artist Sloan, Urging Boycott, Says He Will Never Exhibit There Protest Meetings Called", "2 WORKS TO REJOIN PROMETHEUS AFTER 50 YEARS", "Leonardo Nole, 91, Prometheus Statue's Model", "Destroyed By Rockefellers, Mural Trespassed On Political Vision", "Rockefeller Center Design: A Triumph for 30's and 70's", Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company Building (formerly 600 Fifth Avenue Building), Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center, National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination, "World's Largest Theater in Rockefeller Center Will Seat Six Thousand Persons", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Center&oldid=1160370525. [277] The Palazzo d'Italia and International Building North serve as six-story retail wings of the International Building. Home - Rockefeller Group [55] Over time, the appellation of "Radio City" devolved from describing the entire complex to just the complex's western section,[4] and by 1937, only the Radio City Music Hall contained the "Radio City" name. [133] The father collected the $57.5 million loan that Rockefeller Center Inc. owed him, then distributed it to his sons in the form of a tax break. "[417][418] The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation commissioned a report in 1974 entitled "Grand Central Terminal and Rockefeller Center: A Historic-Critical Estimate of Their Significance", in which they concluded that Rockefeller Center, along with Central Park and Grand Central Terminal, were the only three developments that could slow down Manhattan's "remorseless process of expansion and decay". [247] It was constructed in the spring of 1938. The current international theme was decided on due to a lack of American tenants willing to rent there; eventually, the structures were occupied by British, French, and Italian interests,[52][54] although the Italian interests ultimately were the only foreign tenants who rented for the long term. [322][323] The flags later became permanent installations, fitting in with the nearby International Complex. [139] The 33-story, 400-foot (120m) building was originally called the Esso Building. [8][9][10] The gardens operated until 1811,[11][12] and by 1823 the property was under the ownership of Columbia University. [138] It was originally built privately, but ownership was transferred to Rockefeller Center in February 1947. John Rockefeller Jr. initially did not want the Rockefeller family name associated with the commercial project, but was persuaded on the grounds that the name would attract far more tenants. [337][338] They came about because both Hood and Todd believed that rooftop gardens would enhance the complex's beauty;[339][340] in particular, Hood compared the presence of rooftop gardens to the plants around a house. [279][280][247] Time Inc. itself did not move into the building for another year after its completion. In 2006, it was bought for a staggering $5.4 billion by Tishman Speyer Properties, which owns Rockefeller Center, and its partner BlackRock. Consequently, Rockefeller Center did not purchase Maxwell's property until 1970. Rockefeller Center - Buildings and Tenants - LiquiSearch For a reference to the roller skating rink's opening, see: A more extensive list of sources can be found in, This page was last edited on 16 June 2023, at 02:24. [132], In light of the abundance of possible renters, John Rockefeller Jr. transferred his ownership of the complex to his sons. [171] A grassroots campaign formed the Showpeople's Committee to Save Radio City Music Hall. [413] Even Mumford praised the complex, lamenting in 1947 that the new headquarters of the United Nations on First Avenue had no "human scale" or "transition from the intimate to the monumental", whereas Rockefeller Center's buildings "produce an aesthetic effect out of all proportion to their size". [182] The Rockefeller family and Columbia University acknowledged that the buildings were already symbolically landmarks, but their spokesman John E. Zuccotti recommended that only a small section (including the RCA Building, Lower Plaza, and Channel Gardens) should be protected. Until the 1980s, the plaza contained plaques that affirmed Columbia University's ownership of Rockefeller Center, but these were removed with the 1985 sale of the complex to the Rockefeller Group. Lost in the Bargain, Preservationists Say, Is an Art Deco Treasure", "Big City Rockefeller Center Club Follows Rainbow Room in Closing", "Somebody Is Finally Paying Attention to the Rainbow Room New York Restaurants and Dining Fork in the Road", "Rainbow Room reopens at top of 30 Rockefeller Plaza after five years", "30 Rock officially renamed Comcast Building", "30 Rock Officially Renamed Comcast Building; NBC Peacock Lights Up NYC Skyline for First Time in History", "Rockefeller Center Digs Up Its Bucolic Roots", "Tishman Speyer and Gabellini Sheppard Associates Reimagine Rockefeller Plaza", "Rockefeller Center's public plaza could get a major revamp", "Rockefeller Center revamp gets Landmarks approval", "Gabellini Sheppard Associates Reveals Next Phase of Renovations At 45 Rockefeller Plaza In Midtown, Manhattan", "Radio Park, an Idyllic Rooftop Garden, Opens Above Radio City Music Hall", "Get ready to boogie oogie oogie at Rockefeller Center's new roller rink", "Rockefeller Center's Iconic Rink Flips to a Super-Luxe Roller-Skating Venue This Summer", "Rockefeller Center Is the New York Restaurant Event of the Year", "Rockefeller Center Strikes Deal for Luxury Hotel by Aspen Hospitality", "Tishman Speyer Eyeing Luxury Hotel at Rockefeller Center", "Simon & Schuster Takes New Lease on New York", "Old Roxy Keeps Right To Its Name; Circuit Court In 2-To-1 Decision Orders Radio City Theatre To Drop Word. [324] Originally, there were 26 flags for each of the members of the United Nations,[323] but as more countries became UN members, additional rows of poles were added on the north and south sides of the plaza. In 1928, Columbia University, the owner of the site, leased the land to John D. Rockefeller Jr., who was the main person behind the complex's construction. [91] Construction on the Time-Life Building's steelwork started in April 1958,[156] and the structure topped out in November of that year. Rockefeller Group - Wikipedia October 28, 2021, 2:02pm The rink at Rockefeller Center. 25,550 reviews #15 of 1,428 things to do in New York City Points of Interest & Landmarks Architectural Buildings Visit website Call Write a review About Rockefeller Center is a national historic landmark in the heart of Midtown Manhattan. The first subsequent building to be built was 75 Rockefeller Plaza, at 51st Street on the north end of the complex, was built in 1947. Ruane, Cuniff & Goldfarb is taking 43,000 square feet at 45 Rockefeller Plaza, leaving Stefan Soloviev's 9 West 57th Street. Tishman Speyer Lands Tenant at 45 Rockefeller Center - The Real Deal One Is 38-Story Edifice Foreign Groups Due To Occupy Twin Seven-Story Structures On Avenue Frontage", "New Skyscraper Record; Rockefeller Center Units Notable for Construction Speed", "Skating Pond to Open On Rockefeller Plaza", "Time's Tenants Begin Moving In; Finishing Touches Are Put on 48-Story Structure, Rising 587 Feet", "Steel Work Finished On Rockefeller Unit; Frame for 36-Story Building Is Completed in 43 Days, a Record for Speed", "Rockefeller Will Finish Center At Once to Provide New Jobs", "Rockefeller Center Abandons Opera Plans; To Build on Site Long Held for Metropolitan", "Steel Work Finished; New 15-Story Unit in Rockefeller Center 'Topped Out', "Film House Opens Today; Fourth Unit in Newsreel Chain Is in Rockefeller Center", "Why Are Rockefellers Moving From 30 Rock? [61][62] Excavation of the Sixth Avenue side of the complex began in July 1931,[63] and construction on the first buildings, the Music Hall and Center Theatre, began later that year. Can Rockefeller Center Ever Be Hip? - Curbed [146] In mid-1953, Columbia bought all of the land along Sixth Avenue that had been owned by the Underel Corporation at a cost of $5.5 million. Rockefeller Center eventually became the family's "single largest repository" of wealth. [122] The Dutch government had been slated to take up one-fifth of the space at 10 Rockefeller Plaza, but could not do so because of World War II. Tenants in a Montreal social housing complex have a cockroach problem, but the city organization that manages the building hasn't been able to solve it because the elderly resident whose apartment . Described as one of the greatest projects of the Great Depression era, Rockefeller Center became a New York City designated landmark in 1985 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. [81][82] In April 1935, developers opened the International Building and its wings. [168] Four buildings are part of the newer Sixth Avenue expansion:[247], At the front of 30 Rock is the Lower Plaza, located in the very center of the complex and below ground level. [138][135] In February 1947, the under-construction Esso Building, at the north end of the existing property, became part of Rockefeller Center after ownership of the building was transferred from the Haswin Corporation to Rockefeller Center, Inc.[139] The building was topped out the next month. As Columbia University still owned the land underneath the complex, they were tasked with installing air conditioning in the buildings. An investment [107], A proposed 16-story building in the center of the southernmost block was leased to Eastern Air Lines in June 1940. Sara Gore tours Rose Hill on NBC's Open House. The company began with the development of Rockefeller Center . [135], Rockefeller Center Inc. had started working on plans to expand the complex during World War II, even though the outbreak of the war had stopped almost all civilian construction projects. [411][412] Henry Luce, the founder of Time Inc., said in 1941 that Rockefeller Center represented "the true world of tomorrow", as opposed to the 1939 New York World's Fair, whose "World of Tomorrow" representations "are today junk piles under the winter snow".
