and two or three neutrons that are emitted with high speed. With an obscene lack of safety measures and an abundance of fatal shortcuts, yet determined to meet a deadline, the Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co. (JCO) told Ouchi and two other workers to mix a new batch of fuel. Classroom Resources | The Tokaimura Nuclear Accident | AACT in critical condition probably had doses in excess of 200 rads. produces, how much distance lies between you and the emitter, how much With few natural resources and costly dependence on imported energy, Japan had turned to nuclear power production and built the countrys first commercial nuclear power plant just four years before his birth. The gamma rays had destroyed most of the chromosome set with the consequence of irreversible damage to the body. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR DE TOKAIMURA Causas, Consecuencias That is, a certain kind Res. The YouTube documentary can also be a valuable resource: To introduce this project I first show the students a. However, there may be long-term If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. It is the masato shinohara, tokaimura nuclear accident victim who suffered The accident occurred at a facility run by JCO, an affiliate of Sumitomo Metal Mining, in Tokaimura, 70 miles north west of Tokyo, as a result of an attempted short cut. In this so-called criticality, a self-sustaining chain reaction occurred. Three days later, he was transferred to the University of Tokyo Hospital where revolutionary stem cell procedures would be tested. Tokaimura Nuclear Accident - video Dailymotion The result is another U-236, which breaks apart, releasing two or three the two were wheeled out of the plant on gurneys, we may suppose that their The Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute was established here in 1956, followed by nuclear fuel factories, reprocessing plants and Japans first nuclear power plant in the 1960s. 161 people were evacuated and approximately 310,000 residents within 10km of the plant were asked to stay indoors as radioactive particles like iodine-131 were released into the atmosphere through the ventilation system. It happened in a nuclear fuel processing facility. JCO company is currently the owner. In 1999, officials had begun experimenting to see if skipping some of those steps could make the process faster. However, due to a miscalculation, the liquid reached 'critical point' and released dangerous neutron radiation and gamma rays into the atmosphere. the people who work to deliver energy to us. the industry's management capabilities for nuclear power generation and following the 10,000 people sought medical check-ups. In its place are two atoms, both of which are usually radioactive, The incident took place in Tokaimura on 30 September 1999 - 130 km northeast of Tokyo, Japan. Nuclear facility The accident at the Tokai-mura nuclear facility in 1999 irradiated a total of 667 people, two of whom died from acute radiation poisoning. Five other defendants from the company were sentenced to between 2 and 3 years in prison, later suspended, and the company had to pay a fine of 1 million yen. Tokaimura. The Tokaimura Nuclear Accident: A Tragedy of Human Errors Res. thick walls surrounding the reactor, provided shielding and keep the radioactive Tokaimura Nuclear Plant - Top 10 Environmental Disasters - TIME reaction of fissions. A photo of Hisashi Ouchi, the most irradiated human in history. but readily absorbs slow ones. that was rejected in the US decades ago because of the possibility that energy." He regularly flatlined from heart attacks, only to be revived at the insistence of his family. This page was last changed on 30 March 2023, at 18:04. refers to the condition in which exactly enough neutrons are absorbed to The shortcut was described in an illegal operating manual drafted by the Hisashi Ouchi, aged 35, died 12 weeks after the accident. receives over 35% of its electricity from nuclear power. In September 1999, the Tokaimura nuclear accident occurred at the JCO uranium processing plant. Cuando el volumen se increment a 40 litros semejantes a 16 kilogramos de uranio, se produjo una masa crtica necesaria para que comenzara una reaccin de fusin nuclear. The Chernobyl plant the chain reaction that is going on in Japan? some soluble compounds of uranium. The accident occurred in a very small fuel preparation plant operated by JCO. The Tokaimura nuclear accident was a serious nuclear radiation accident in Japan. handled. coastal cities. they are very likely not to survive. List of nuclear power accidents by country - Wikipedia Both accidents at the nuclear plant occurred in the '90s: 1997 and 1999. The nuclear accident at Tokaimura in the Ibaraki Prefecture of Japan has hit the press with a vengeance. He, too, had received blood stem cell transfusions. Another 83 workers were subjected to higher radiation than normal. There he received medical attention and was able to speak with doctors, but it was not long before the effects of the radioactive wave manifested themselves. Professor Emeritus Since the early 1970's, Japan has focused on [1] The Tokaimura processing Tragically, neither that approach nor skin grafts, blood transfusions, or cancer treatments had worked. reactive isotope of uranium that always keeps the U-235 atoms too far apart Japanese Newsweek: Translation or Censorship?" In 1999 the Japanese nuclear industry suffered a significant nuclear accident in Tokai-mura in Ibaraki, Japan. The large amount of enriched uranium got enough critical mass to reach criticality. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment VIPPRO_GUY Additional comment actions. produced heat and radiation. It took place at a uranium-reprocessing facility in Tokaimura, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, on 30 September 1999. Essential portions of Hisashi Ouchi's body began to detach. JCO Criticality Accident and Local Residents: Damages, Symptoms and changing Attitudes. Citizens Nuclear Information Center (CNIC), June, 2001. Update 21 March 2011: It has now emerged that, in the run-up to the Japanese earthquake, the Tokyo Electric Power Company failed to carry out . Finally, the mixture was poured into the water-cooled precipitation tank. He had suffered minor radiation sickness and survived. to copy, distribute and display this work in unaltered form, with Before Fukushima, the Tokaimura accident was the worst nuclear event in Japan and the third-worst in the world (behind Three Mile Island and Chernobyl). up, thereby shutting down the reaction in the tank below criticality. plant employs about 172 people and is one of 15 nuclear facilities in Sin embargo, se desconocen los efectos de la radiacin a largo plazo en quienes estuvieron expuestos. at a fuel processing plant, not a nuclear power plant; no so-called meltdown As students read these documents, they should fill out the graphic organizer and then complete the claim, evidence and reasoning handout. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. intervention with boric How much exposure you get to that radiation depends upon how much the source However, it is easy to slow down Hisashi Ouchi was the most affected: he was exposed to an amount of radiation between 10,000 and 20,000 millisieverts. He would eventually have three heart attacks in one hour. @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-cumbrepuebloscop20_org-leader-1-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important;}}if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'cumbrepuebloscop20_org-leader-1','ezslot_10',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-cumbrepuebloscop20_org-leader-1-0'); Fue necesario instalar una proteccin contra las bolsas de arena porque aunque la radiacin de neutrones ces, el nivel de radiacin gamma residual de los productos de fisin permaneci en el sumidero. for the chain reaction to get out of control. exploding like a bomb. are sustaining the reaction will not be slowed down as much, so the likelihood ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR THREE MILE ISLAND Causas, Efectos, ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR DE CHALK RIVER Causas, Efectos, ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR DE MAYAK Causas, Consecuencias, ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR DE VANDELLS Causas, Consecuencias, ACCIDENTE DE CHERNBIL Causas, Consecuencias, ACCIDENTE NUCLEAR DE FUKUSHIMA Causas, Efectos, AMPERIO-HORA Qu es, Cmo se usa, Medidor, Contaminacin ambiental: Qu es, tipos, causas, consecuencias y soluciones. Then, on Ouchis 59th day in the hospital, he had a heart attack. This was to be the start of his 83-day nightmare. The first accident occurred on 11 March 1997, producing an explosion after an experimental batch of solidified nuclear waste caught fire at the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation radioactive waste bituminisation facility. 2: 4 2002: Onagawa, Japan: Two workers were exposed to a small amount of radiation and suffered minor burns during a fire. By the time he arrived at the hospital, he had already vomited violently and fallen unconscious. author. How are they going to shut down [4] At least 439 people, including first Throughout the time, the man lost 20 liters of body fluids per day. person does not become sick or feel ill. Students that have experience with claim, evidence and reasoning may not need the handout or the graphic organizer. I am not a guinea pig!". Hundreds of people were exposed to radiation and two workers later died. accident? health effects of radiation, we may conclude that the two workers who are rights, including commercial rights, are reserved to the author. neighbor. There is a so-called LD-50, the dose of radiation doses to many residents, JCO employees, and emergency personnel who One reason As a result, this accident fission process will therefore usually not be absorbed by other uranium pellets. On Sept. 30, 1999, Japan's worst nuclear accident happened in a facility northeast of Tokyo. If 25 people neutrons generate many, which in turn induce more. It is sometimes referred to as the Dnen accident (, Dnen jiko ), 'Dnen' being an abbreviation of PNC's full Japanese name Dryokuro Kakunenry Kaihatsu Jigydan. The Tokaimura nuclear accident is the fourth most serious nuclear accident in history after those of the nuclear power plants of Three Mile Island (USA), Chernobyl (present-day Ukraine, former the Soviet Union) of Fukushima nuclear facilities, also in Japan. As they pass through water, they slow down dramatically nuclear chain reaction should ever happen. At 10:35 a.m., that uranium reached critical mass. We may learn more in the days to come. The accident lasted about 17 hours. The Tokaimura Criticality Accident of 1999 keep the reaction going. planned to increase the number of nuclear power plants from 52 to Continue with Recommended Cookies. [3] Seven months after the accident, Masato Shinohara died, aged 40. exposures were probably in excess of the 450-rad LD-50 dose, and therefore, By bringing together 16 kilograms (35 pounds) of enriched uranium they produced a nuclear reaction in which the uranium became very hot. the accident involves criticality. They muted enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium dioxide fuel. Japan's record of nuclear cover-ups and accidents - New Scientist "Iodine-129 and accident. From this brief review of the He reportedly shouted: "I can't take it any more! of uranium atom absorbs a neutron and then suddenly the uranium atom is reprocessing spent nuclear fuel rather than disposing of it as waste.The Nuclear power Los ejecutivos de Donen no consideraron favorable alertar a la poblacin en horas de la noche, alegando as que hubiera causado pnico. Forty nine people were exposed to radiationtwo with a potentially lethal doseafter Japan's worst nuclear accident struck a uranium processing plant on 30 September. Both accidents at the nuclear plant occurred in the '90s: 1997 and 1999. Village officials also said Cesium-138 was detected near the plant. facility was approximately 120 miles northeast of Tokyo (see Fig. The principal facility's nuclear accident occurred on September 30, 1999, in the nuclear plant's conversion building. The exposure also reportedly left him 'crying blood', as he bled from his eyeballs. Mr Shinohara was one of two employees of the nuclear fuel company JCO exposed to massive levels of radiation during the accident on September 30 at the firm's uranium processing plant in. Hasegawa et al. On September 30, 1999, an accident occurred at a @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-box-4-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'nuclear_energy_net-box-4','ezslot_8',139,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-box-4-0'); The facility consists of three ancillary uranium conversion buildings: One with an annual capacity of 220 tons of uranium per year for low enrichment (approximately 5%). In particular, the buffer capacity was made high and narrow. Why? Over the next 10 days, 10,000 people were checked for radiation, with more than 600 people suffering low levels. Moreover, no emergency routines had been prepared, as criticality events were considered unrealistic. [5]. 0: 9 Aug 2004 Japanese Studies This type of radiation is very harmful to individuals who are nearby. (2001). Three workers at a uranium-processing plant in Tokaimura, then the center of the Japanese nuclear-power industry, improperly mixed a uranium solution. More than $121 million was paid by the company to settle claims to those affected by the radiation exposure. | Join AACT The author warrants that the heating will increase the distance between any uranium atom and its Some discussion of these facts between 62 and 65 by 2010, but by 2010 only two new power plants have Apparently, some workers Tokaimura Criticality Accident - World Nuclear Association that strikes your skin. One huge difference between bombs The 1999 accident at the Tokaimura nuclear fuel processing plant near Tokyo is the context for a student discussion on nuclear power and the consequences of a nuclear accident. 48, 33 (1986). If a certain isotope of uranium Just as happened or is in the offing. 1999 is the third most serious accident in the history of nuclear power, The low radioactivity waste processing plant of the corporation Donen (Nuclear Development Corporation) was declared a fire by sounding alarms. Las cuarenta y cuatro sirenas de la ciudad comenzaron a alarmar a las personas justamente al da siguiente. But none suffered as much as Hisashi Ouchi and his colleague, Masato Shinohara. Tokaimura Criticality Accident - atomicarchive.com The three workers who worked at the uranium-reprocessing facility were Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara, and Yutaka Yokokawa. Contaminacin del agua: Qu es, causas, consecuencias y soluciones. More than 20 years ago, a freak chemical reaction at a power plant in Japan left one of its technicians living in agony, kept alive by doctors as he 'cried blood' and his 'skin melted'. En este artculo te lo explicamos. In this story: TOKAIMURA, Japan (CNN) -- Two fires and an explosion at a nuclear processing plant in northeastern Japan exposed 35 workers to minimal amounts of radiation, a plant spokesman said . [4] One of the three workers who were exposed to the high nuclear The Japan Atomic Energy Agency along with other organizations operate a number of nuclear technology research facilities in the town. International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA's) "Report on the Preliminary Fact FindingMission Following the Accident at the Nuclear Fuel Processing Facility in Tokai-mura,Japan," conducted on October 13 - 17, 1999. A staff writer for All Thats Interesting, Marco Margaritoff has also published work at outlets including People, VICE, and Complex, covering everything from film to finance to technology. The Tokaimura Accident | NSTA In September 1999, the Tokaimura nuclear accident Tokaimura nuclear accidents - Wikiwand The facility was used only for precise orders for immediate production. There will also be approximately four cases of cancer that This was extremely In Tokai-mura, meanwhile, people have begun to doubt the safety of old reactors. The 35-year-old nuclear power plant technician had almost zero white blood cells and thus no immune system. In terms of the rad, the unit commonly used to describe Sin embargo, 6 ejecutivos y otros empleados de JCO fueron arrestados bajo los cargos de negligencia que ocasion la muerte de personas. 31, 42 (2001). Nuclear fuel company JCO went on to pay later paid $121 million to settle 6,875 compensation claims from people and businesses who had suffered from or been exposed to radiation from the accident. Important distinction: En menos de 24 horas, en la misma zona donde se haba producido el incendio ocurri una explosin que desprendi gran parte de los muros de la tabiquera del edificio, rompi 29 ventanas y produjo humo blanco. [3] Additionally, in @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-leader-1-0-asloaded{max-width:336px!important;max-height:280px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'nuclear_energy_net-leader-1','ezslot_5',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-leader-1-0'); Incredibly, authorities did not notice the expected radiation rate in the surrounding area. Criticality Accident Patient," J. Radiat. I cant take it anymore, cried Ouchi. In 2001, the Japanese government Ultimately, one-third of the citys entire population would rely on the nuclear industry rapidly growing in the Ibaraki Prefecture northeast of Tokyo. people from the area and the lack of information outputted to alarm and @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-cumbrepuebloscop20_org-medrectangle-3-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important;}}if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'cumbrepuebloscop20_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-cumbrepuebloscop20_org-medrectangle-3-0'); La gravedad de ambos y los efectos que tuvieron sobre las personas, los convirtieron en parte de la lista de los accidentes nucleares ms graves de la historia, Pero qu ocurri en Tokaimura?, cules fueron las causas y consecuencias de estos accidentes? failure - which illustrates the lethal effects of radioactive emissions. Peaked Interest/YouTube A photo of Hisashi Ouchi, the most irradiated human in history. It has not operated since. It was practically only in operation two months out of the year. But at his familys insistence, the doctors continued their experimental treatments even as his skin began to melt from his body. attribution to the author, for noncommercial purposes only. The maximum safe threshold for radioactivity exposure level is 50 millisieverts. Japan's record of nuclear cover-ups and accidents. Inside The Mysterious Disappearance Of Brandon Lawson, Who Vanished From A Highway In Texas, Meet The Real Persian Royals Behind The Viral 'Princess Qajar' Memes, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Write a correct claim, evidence and reasoning statement. radioactive material, Criticality in the Japanese accident Although the chemical and nuclear industries are indeed very safe, the potential for . The nuclear accident began before noon on Sept. 30, 1999, at the nuclear power plant in Tokaimura, Japan. En la localidad de Tokaimura ubicada a 140 kilmetros de Tokio, se produjeron dos accidentes nucleares de importancia en los aos 1977 y 1999. En esta operacin participaron 27 hombres capacitados que se vieron expuestos a la radiacin. Tokaimura accident has contributed greatly to negative public confidence Published: May 7, 2021Last review: May 7, 2021, Industrial Technical Engineer, specialty in mechanics. of the 18.8% enriched uranium solution into a precipitation vessel, 235 local residents were exposed to as much as 16 mSv, while 260 rescue workers and journalists received up to 9.2mSv. The U-236 breaks into two separate atoms These processes are well known ones that keep nuclear reactors The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The most important accidents that have occurred in short history of nuclear energy are listed below [5] [7]: 1. The law established a limitation of enriched uranium to avoid a nuclear chain reaction, but the workers increased this amount significantly. With his DNA obliterated and brain damage increasing every time he died, Ouchis fate had long been sealed. or expanding existing nuclear capacity. But on 21 December that year, Ouchi's body eventually gave out and he died as a result of multiple organ failure. plants now reside throughout the country and Japan has focused on The responsibility was attributed to those who did not adequately train their employees. The nuclear power plant in Tokaimura, Japan. The documents for students to review have been compiled from the 1999 Report of the Preliminary Fact Finding Mission Following the Accident at the Nuclear Fuel Processing Facility in Tokaimura, Japan. The Nuclear Accident Magnitude Scale (NAMS) is an alternative to INES, proposed by David Smythe in 2011 as a response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Wikimedia CommonsThe nuclear power plant in Tokaimura, Japan. But something else may help, What Is the Uranium Enrichment Process? Almost two months on from the incident, on the 59th day of his time in hospital, Ouchi's heart gave out three times. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. the early 1940's. dollar accident in history in which nobody was harmed. The power plant location in Tokaimura was ideal due to the abundant land space, and it led to a whole campus of nuclear reactors, research institutes, fuel enrichment, and disposal facilities. This project will help prepare your students to meet the performance expectations in the following standards: By the end of this project, students should be able to: This project supports students understanding of: Teacher Preparation: 5-10 minutes making copiesLesson: 60 mins. The 1999 [3] The belief in a high degree FOREWORD Since the tragic Chernobyl accident in 1986, many improvements have been made in nuclear . The the level of I-129/I-=127 in soil 20-25 cm deep. Tokaimura nuclear accident - Simple English Wikipedia, the free Local officials were the work is the author's own and that Stanford University provided no The figure represents estimated losses incurred by 251 out of 740 member firms of the Tokaimura Society of . English lead to inaccurate reporting of the account. En la localidad de Tokaimura ubicada a 140 kilmetros de Tokio, se produjeron dos accidentes nucleares de importancia en los aos 1977 y 1999. The only hazard can come from the radiation. [1] This From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Tokaimura Criticality Accident: Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper #52, June 2000", "In The Wake of Tokaimura, Japan Rethinks its Nuclear Picture", "Japan's worst nuclear accident leaves two fighting for life", "Worker's death exposes the dirty secrets of Japan's nuclear industry", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokaimura_nuclear_accident&oldid=8750903, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Despite the efforts of doctors to keep him alive, a week into his treatment, Ouchi is said to have begged them to stop. The uranium oxide solution (U3O8) had to be in a tank arranged for this purpose. Workers now manually mixed uranium oxide and nitric acid in 10-liter stainless steel buckets rather than in a dedicated tank. There were some concerns that INES was used in a . If there But he faced criminal charges of negligence in October 2000. University of Connecticut, To main Energy Advocate Index The 1999 Tokaimura accident occurred in a small fuel preparation plant operated by JCO (formerly Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co.), a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. First, the accident occurred [1], The main role of the JCO plant was to convert The Tokaimura accident was the worst nuclear Locals looked on in horror as an explosion at the power reactor rocked Tokaimura on March 11, 1997. La fusin radiactiva permaneci durante mucho tiempo dentro del edificio. The press made Most dire was his lack of white blood cells and the absence of an immune response. in government and corporate nuclear oversight. Tokai-mura, a small town 120km northeast of Tokyo, is often referred to as the heart of Japans nuclear industry. @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-leader-1-0-asloaded{max-width:970px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[970,250],'nuclear_energy_net-leader-1','ezslot_9',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-nuclear_energy_net-leader-1-0'); The event occurred at 10.00 from November to March of 1997. We are all exposed to radiation The accident occurred in a very small fuel preparation plant operated by JCO. to the size of a room. Since The author We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. PDF Lessons Learned From the Jco Nuclear Criticality Accident in Japan in 1999 I am not a guinea pig.. [2] The accident happened [1], Many emergency workers and nearby residents were hospitalized and hundreds of thousands of others were forced to remain indoors for 24 hours.[2]. The plant converted uranium hexafluoride into enriched uranium for nuclear energy purposes. Residents in Tokaimura, Japan, being checked for radiation on Oct. 2, 1999. Teach. company. Man Survived 83 Days After Tokaimura Nuclear Accident - LADbible Disturbingly, the method appeared to work before Ouchi returned to his state of near-death. input other than typesetting and referencing guidelines. Tokaimura nuclear accident (Japan) - 1999, three inexperienced operators at a reprocessing facility caused a criticality accident; . Tokai-mura was Japans worst nuclear crisis before the Fukushima meltdowns and serves as an example of the dangers inherent in every link of the nuclear chain. Evidently, the radiation intensity Lesson Learned from Nuclear Criticality Accident in Tokai-mura (1 But the three men were untrained in the process and mixed their materials by hand. maintenance of current plans, while another 33 percent wanted to see a inform people regarding the accident. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Tokaimura Nuclear Accident stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. (3 tU/y) Totel Environ. neutron reflector to maintain the condition. If people are packed close together, the odds are very high. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Hisashi. (Many other combinations are possible.) Sci. Only when the uranium atoms are close enough together However, at 6:04 p.m. that day, there was an explosion that destroyed some walls and windows. The same arguments hold for the likelihood that a neutron hits and is absorbed The tank was not designed to dissolve this type of solution and was not designed to prevent such accidents to happen. A dose of 1000 rads causes near certain death. plant to explode like the bomb, because the fuel is mostly U-238, a less Tokai-mura was Japan's worst nuclear crisis before the Fukushima meltdowns and serves as an example of the dangers inherent in every link of the nuclear chain. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The technicians' supervisor, Yutaka Yokokawa, also received treatment, but was released after three months with minor radiation sickness, before going on to face charges of negligence in October 2000. This was typically done with a careful, multi-step process that involved mixing several elements in a carefully-timed sequence.
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