[113], Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan Muslim traveller, left extensive notes on Tughlaq dynasty in his travel memoirs. The city of Ahmednagar, a day trip from Aurangabad, was the capital of the Nizam Shahi sultans in the 16th century. Daulatabad was founded by the Yadavas of Deogiri (The Hill of Gods) in 11th century A.D. under king Bhillama V, until A.D. 1296 when Ala-ud-din Khilji defeated Ramachandradeva, son of Krishna and held sway over it by forcibly reducing Ramachandradeva as his vassal. He was bent upon . Daultabad () is a village in Gurgaon district in Haryana just 3 km away from Gurgaon City Center and it is one among the biggest villages of Gurgaon district. Daulatabad (in Maharastra) was considered a central location from where he could control the Deccan territories and fertile land of the Deccan plateau.2. The Sultan responded with bitterness by expanding arrests, torture and mass punishments, killing people as if he was "cutting down weeds". In Tughlaq dynasty, the punishments were extended even to Muslim religious figures who were suspected rebellion. 1 Name of the Monument/ site : Daulatabad Fort and Monuments . [57] Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in March 1351[5] while trying to chase and punish people for rebellion and their refusal to pay taxes in Sindh (now in Pakistan) and Gujarat (now in India).[72]. Complete answer: The Bahmani kingdom was founded by Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah in 1347A.D. Must visit when at Aurangabad - Review of Daulatabad Fort, Daulatabad The Tughlaqs MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for The Chandra, Satish (1997). [45] He rewarded all those maliks, amirs and officials of Khalji dynasty who had rendered him a service and helped him come to power. I, II, III, Hakluyt Society, Cambridge University Press, London, pp. [41][42], After Alauddin Khalji's death from illness in 1316, a series of palace arrests and assassinations followed,[43] with Khusro Khan coming to power in June 1320, after killing the licentious son of Alauddin Khalji, Mubarak Khalji, initiating a massacre of all members of the Khalji family and reverting from Islam. The dark passage is the only entrance to the tunnel which at times of seize unable to cross. The city is said to have been founded c. 1187 by Bhillama V, a prince who renounced his allegiance to the Chalukyas and established the power of the Yadava dynasty in the west. 236242. The 16th-century writer Firishta claims that it is an Indian corruption of the Turkic term Qutlugh, but this is doubtful. So he ordered minting of coins from base metals with face value of silver coins a decision that failed because ordinary people minted counterfeit coins from base metal they had in their houses. Daulatabad Fort is basically known as the abode of wealth and this name was given to nu Muhammad -bin- Tughluq in A.D 1327 when he made Devgiri his capital. He is also known as the wisest fool. 2023 The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Bengal SEC orders repolling in booths where voting void, Cong to hold 'maun satyagraha' over Rahul's LS ouster, Farming under the shadow of guns in strife-hit Manipur, Infographic | K'taka's liquor revenue over past 10 yrs, Ravi 'unfit'to continue as Governor: Stalin tells Prez, Swiatek saves 2 points, reaches Wimbledon quarters, Delhi auto driver, woman die in rain-related incidents, Capricorn Daily Horoscope - July 10, 2023, Indias GDP gap with US, China is widening alarmingly, Namma Metro Purple Line services hit; stations crowded, K'taka readies plans for tunnel roads linking airport, B'luru: Wife, paramour kill husband for opposing affair. The caption for the Sultan of Delhi reads: Holt et al. Not a week passed without the spilling of much Muslim blood and the running of streams of gore before the entrance of his palace. The entire fort complex together with all the fortification walls consists of an area measuring approximately 94.83 hectares. Around 16 km from Aurangabad, in Maharashtra, India, the fort built on a conical hill is worth a visit just for its awesome security. 105118, Tughluq Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah, Abu Bakr Khan ibn Zafar Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah, Nusrat Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah, the depiction of the Delhi Sultanate in the Catalan Atlas, "Arabic and Persian Epigraphical Studies - Archaeological Survey of India", "SELECTIONS FROM JALAYIRID BOOKS IN THE LIBRARIES OF ISTANBUL", "Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia", "Selections from Jalayirid Books in the Libraries of Istanbul", The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, Temple Desecration and Muslim States in Medieval India, The Famines of the World: Past and Present, Ibn Battuta's Trip: Chapter 7 - Delhi, capital of Muslim India, The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review and Oriental and Colonial Record, Tarikh I Firozi Shahi - Records of Court Historian Sams-i-Siraj, "Interpretation of the most ancient of inscriptions on the pillar called lat of Feroz Shah, near Delhi, and of the Allahabad, Radhia and Mattiah pillar, or lat inscriptions which agree therewith", Futuhat-i Firoz Shahi - Memoirs of Firoz Shah Tughlak, Futuhat-i Firoz Shahi - Autobiographical memoirs, "The Indian Empire: Timur's invasion 1398", Insights into Ibn Battuta's Ideas of Women and Sexuality, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tughlaq_dynasty&oldid=1164422455, States and territories established in 1321, States and territories disestablished in 1414, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles containing Persian-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah / Abu Bakr Shah / Muhammad Shah / Mahmud Tughlaq / Nusrat Shah. They help me very much in my revisions. Daulatabad, Daulatabad Fort, , Daulatabad Fort Maharashtra, Fort In Today the Daulatabad Fort, besides the moat and fortification walls consists of structures like stepped wells (baolis), kacheri (court) building, Bharat Mata Temple (temple dedicated to Mother India), Hathi (Elephant) tank, Chand Minar, Aam Khas building (Hall of Public Audience), Royal Hammam, Chini Mahal, Rang Mahal, Baradari on the hill top, water cisterns, rock cut structure and Andheri (the Dark Passage). Sipah Rajab and Naila were married and Firoz Shah was their first son. Thereafter, Muhammad bin Tughluq's 45-year-old nephew Firuz Shah Tughlaq replaced him and assumed the throne. Ibn Batutta wrote that Sultan's officials demanded bribes from him while he was in Delhi, as well as deducted 10% of any sums that Sultan gave to him. These civil wars were primarily between different factions of Sunni Islam aristocracy, each seeking sovereignty and land to tax dhimmis and extract income from resident peasants. Nearly all his 100,000 soldiers perished in 1333 and were forced to retreat. Later, Malik Kafur led his armies in A.D. 1306-07 and 1312 against the recalcitrant Ramachandradeva and his son Shankardeva successively, subdued them and killed the latter. Daulatabad Fort in Aurangabad district of the Marathwada region in Maharashtra is one of the strong forts of medieval Deccan. TOURIST PLACES TO VISIT & TRAVEL GUIDE TO AURANGABAD - Trawell.in Much more than a jumping-off point for visiting Ajanta and Ellora, Aurangabad and the surrounding areas beckon with superb tombs, mosques, palaces and citadels. Transfer of Capital By Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Originally a feudatory of the Eastern Chalukyas of Kalyani, the dynasty became paramount in the Deccan under Bhillama ( c. 1187-91), who founded Devagiri (later Daulatabad) as his capital. [78] The economic experiments of Muhammad bin Tughlaq resulted in a collapsed economy, and nearly a decade long famine followed that killed numerous people in the countryside. We use cookies to understand how you use our site and to improve user experience. [106] The Sultanate had lost command over almost all eastern and western provinces of already shrunken Sultanate. It holds in awe visitors and makes historians to explore into some. The most famous and prominent one is Chand Minar that is a 30-meter high watchtower and a huge stone made elephant pool and more. Answer:daulatabad was founded by " king bhillam " Explanation:you may got your answer. "The city has several walls and gateways, serpentine roads, pathways with right-angle turns and strategically done to repulse or foil attacks," pointed out Garge. Firuz Shah Tughlaq was somewhat weak militarily, mainly because of inept leadership in the army. But then there is something special and different about this one, particularly so because of the history behind it. Muslim soldiers enjoyed the taxes they collected from Hindu villages they had rights over, without having to constantly go to war as in previous regimes. early 15th century) Ta'rikh-i Muhammadi, Translator: Muhammad Zaki, Aligarh Muslim University, H. Gibb (1956), The Travels of Ibn Battuta, Vols. A * B * C * D * E * F * G * H * I * J * K * L * M * N * O * P * Q * R * S * T * U * V * W * X * Y * Z. Samuel Lee (translator), Ibn Battuta - The Travels of Ibn Battuta: in the Near East, Asia and Africa, 2010, James Brown (1949), The History of Islam in India, The Muslim World, Volume 39, Issue 1, pp. It was the capital of the Yadava king and was attacked by Ala-ud-din Khilji in 1294 who was tempted by its great riches. Which types of coins were issued by Muhammad binTughlaq?a) Goldb) Silverc) Platinumd) Copper, 2. Devgiri Fort in Maharashtra | Daulatabad Fort Auragnabad While preparations were in progress in Delhi in January 1394, Sultan Muhammad Shah died. History. She initially refused to marry him. Daulatabad or 'the abode of wealth' was the name given by Muhammad-bin-Tughluq when he made his capital here in A.D. 1327. Daulatabad | India | Britannica During the rule of Ramachandradeva, Ala-ud-din Khilji marched to Deogiri in 1296 AD and captured it. A Guide to Daulatabad Fort and The Fishy Case of The Lost Guidebook Daulatabad (Marathi ; (Persian meaning "City of Prosperity"), is a 14th century fort city in Maharashtra, India, about 16 kilometers northwest of Aurangabad.The place, was once as known as Deogiri, (circa the sixth century AD, when it was an important uplands city along caravan routes and is now but a village, based around the former . Shams-i Siraj 'Afif, his court historian, also recorded Firoz Shah Tughlaq burning a Hindu Brahmin alive for converting Muslim women to infidelity. On the following day, he was beheaded. The token currency was introduced by whom?a) Firoz Shah Tughlaqb) Ibn Battutac) GhiyasuddinTughlaqd) Muhammad binTughlaq, 3. [5] Firuz Shah Tughlaq is credited with patronizing Indo-Islamic architecture, including the installation of lats (ancient Hindu and Buddhist pillars) near mosques. [106] Battles occurred every month, duplicity and switching of sides by amirs became commonplace, and the civil war between the two Sultan factions continued through 1398, till the invasion by Timur. The Medieval Era Fort at Daulatabad: A Treasure Trove for History It mentions that the Tomaras ruled over the Haryana region with Dhilika (Delhi) as their Capital. The fort was enlarged and structures were added subsequently as the fort passed on from one hand to the other and from one dynasty to another. Tughlaq's court poet Badr-i Chach attempted to find a royal Sassanian genealogy for the dynasty from the line of Bahram Gur, which seems to be the official position of the genealogy of the Sultan,[16] although this can be dismissed as flattery. For eight days Delhi was plundered, its population massacred, and over 100,000 prisoners were killed as well. It mentions that the Tomaras ruled over the Haryana region with Dhilika (Delhi) as their Capital. Arangal fell, was renamed to Sultanpur, and all plundered wealth, state treasury and captives were transferred from the captured kingdom to Delhi Sultanate. Daulatabad Fort, Aurangabad: History, facts, valuation of famous monuments Except in times of war, he did not pay his staff from his treasury. [106], Tartar Khan installed a second Sultan, Nasir-al-din Nusrat Shah in Firozabad, few kilometers from the first Sultan seat of power in late 1394. This includes personalising content and advertising. [13][14] Literary, numismatic and epigraphic evidence makes it clear that Tughlaq was not an ancestral designation, but the personal name of the dynasty's founder Ghazi Malik. Randhir Singh following family culture. Please verify to complete the subscription. The former city of Daulatabad (Deogiri) has shrunk into a mere village, though to its earlier greatness witness is still borne by its magnificent fortress, and by remains of public buildings noble even in their decay. It was during this time Aurangzeb was placed as viceroy of Deccan who led his campaigns against Bijapur and Golconda from Daulatabad. Built on a 200-metre high conical hill, the fort was defended by moat and glacis running around the hill at its foot besides the most complex and intricate defence system. [57] Famines followed. These sharply higher crop and land tax led entire villages of Hindu farmers to quit farming and escape into jungles; they refused to grow anything or work at all. Muhammad bin Tughlaq wanted to conquer the world for which he organized a huge army and paid a years salary in advance to his soldiers. This led to another successful campaign against Deogiri by Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khilji and the fort was annexed to the Delhi Sultanate yet again. This page was last edited on 9 June 2023, at 11:57. "Bakhtawar Pur" in Western Delhi. History It was originally called Devagiri and founded by the Yadavas in 1187. [97][100] He also vastly expanded the number of slaves in his service and those of amirs (Muslim nobles). Daulatabad Fort, Bibi ka Maqbara, Jama Masjid, Panchakki, and the 52 gates are the important tourist attractions in Aurangabad. . After two years, he shifted his capital back to Delhi. By 1499 the Nizam Shahis of Ahmednagar not only captured but also made Daulatabad as their capital in A.D. 1607. The fortress stands on a conical rock crowning a hill that rises almost perpendicularly from the plain to a height of some 600 ft. [46], According to many historians such as Ibn Battuta, al-Safadi, Isami,[5] and Vincent Smith,[52] Ghiyasuddin was killed by his son Ulugh Juna Khan in 1325 AD. Historians have attempted to determine the motivations behind Muhammad bin Tughlaq's behavior and his actions. Also, the people were not willing to trade their gold and silver for the new brass and copper coins. This included cutting people in half, skinning them alive, chopping off heads and displaying them on poles as a warning to others, or having prisoners tossed about by elephants with swords attached to their tusks. The na'ib had the right to keep soldiers and officials to help extract taxes. These rulers shortly trans-ferred their capital to Gulburga and then to Bidar although Daulatabad continued to be an important administrative and military cen . [8] Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. [56] Many became robber clans. M. Reza Pirbha, Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context, Richards J. F. (1974), The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia, Journal of South Asian Studies, 4(1), pp. He lowered the tax rate on Muslims that was prevalent during Khalji dynasty, but raised the taxes on Hindus, wrote his court historian Ziauddin Barani, so that they might not be blinded by wealth or afford to become rebellious. During his reign, he conquered Warangal (Telangana), Malabar, and Madurai. It brought North and South closer by improving communications. It also began the process of socio-cultural interaction between North and South India. is afforded by a narrow bridge, with passage for not more than two men abreast, and a long gallery, excavated in the rock, which has for the most part a very gradual upward slope, but about midway is intercepted by a steep stair, the top of which is covered by a grating destined in time of war to form the hearth of a huge fire kept burning by the garrison above. [54] He attacked and plundered Malwa, Gujarat, Mahratta, Tilang, Kampila, Dhur-samundar, Mabar, Lakhnauti, Chittagong, Sunarganw and Tirhut. "The dark tortuous tunnel and the moat made the citadel virtually impregnable by military standards," he said. Daulatabad was founded by the Yadavas of Deogiri (The Hill of Gods) in 11th century A.D. under king Bhillama V, until A.D. 1296 when Ala-ud-din Khilji defeated Ramachandradeva, son of Krishna and held sway over it by forcibly reducing Ramachandradeva as his vassal. I.H. Hindus of southern Doab region of India (now Etawah) joined the rebellion in 1390 AD. But after the failure of the token currency experiment, he abandoned the project and disbanded the army. Its glory, however, had already decayed owing to the removal of the seat of government by the emperors to Aurangabad. The subsequent period witnessed a series of wars between the Deccan Sultans and the Mughals under Akbar and Shah Jahan. After defeating the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, the Bahmani kingdom was established. Daulatabad was also situated at a central place so the administration of both the North and South could be possible. Daulatabad fort and monument therein (e.g. Chand Minar) Yadava dynasty, rulers of a 12th-14th-century Hindu kingdom of central India in what is now the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was known as Devagiri or Deogiri meaning 'Hill of Gods' but it was changed to Daulatabad which means 'The Abode of Wealth'. The famous fortress of, . Daulatabad Fort Archaeological Survey of India The crisis that followed led to first civil war, arrest and execution of the wazir, followed by a rebellion and civil war in and around Delhi. [40] Khusro Khan, along with Malik Kafur, had led numerous military campaigns on behalf of Alauddin Khalji, to expand the Sultanate and plunder non-Muslim kingdoms in India. [114] He noted the seven-year famine from 1335 AD, which killed thousands upon thousands of people near Delhi, while the Sultan was busy attacking rebellions. A verification email has been sent to your inbox. [93], An educated sultan, Firoz Shah left a memoir. He ascended the throne in 1325 AD. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq ascended the throne of the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi after the death of his father, GhiyasuddinTughlaq. This famous fort, which is also known as Deogiri and Devagiri, is located in the Daulatabad village near Aurangabad. The Chand Minar, considered one of the most remarkable specimens of Mahommedan architecture in southern India, is a tower 210 ft. high and 70 ft. in circumference at the base, and was originally covered with beautiful Persian glazed tiles. [5], Firuz Shah suffered from bodily infirmities, and his rule was considered by his court historians as more merciful than that of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Every day hundreds of people, chained, pinioned, and fettered, are brought to this hall, and those who are for execution are executed, for torture tortured, and those for beating beaten. The citadel is dominated by a rugged basalt hill, the sides of which have been scarped into vertical faces, and beneath which are several palaces and mosques dating from the 13th to the 17th centuries. He wanted to protect his capital from the attack of Mongols which were mainly aimed at Delhi and regions in North India. Ibn Battuta met Muhammad bin Tughluq, presenting him with gifts of arrows, camels, thirty horses, slaves and other goods. Similarly the third inner wall (Kalakot) rises up in stages by flights of three steps. Thank you. He suddenly got angry at this and left them behind in Daulatabd and founded a new village i.e. . . New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. He transferred his capital from Delhi to Devagiri, renamed as Daulatabad, which was supposed to be a more central location. Shankardeva was killed during the second campaign. Built on a 200 meter high conical hill, Daulatabad was one of the most powerful forts of the medieval Deccan. Many well educated persons are serving in various Government services/departments and also in private sector on responsible posts. [79][80] Tughlaq introduced token coinage of brass and copper to augment the silver coinage which only led to increasing ease of forgery and loss to the treasury. West Gate of Firozabad (present Feroz Shah Kotla), painted in 1802. Photography by Surendra Kumar unless otherwise stated. The nearby walled town of Khuldabad is celebrated for its holy sufi shrines, inside one of which Aurangzeb himself is buried. You can reach the city either from Mumbai or Pune. It was founded by Bhillamraja of the Yadava dynasty in 1187 AD. [120] This market flourished under the reign of all Sultans of Tughlaq dynasty, particularly Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad Tughlaq and Firoz Tughlaq. [5][10], Tughlaq dynasty was of Turko-Mongol[11] or Turkic[12] origins. [64] Muhammad bin Tughlaq's adventures in the Deccan region also marked campaigns of destruction and desecration of Hindu and Jain temples, for example the Swayambhu Shiva Temple and the Thousand Pillar Temple. Tughlaq dynasty - Wikipedia [49] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, along with Mahmud Khan, died inside the collapsed kushk in 1325 AD, while his eldest son watched. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq: Transfer Of Capital From Delhi To Devagiri, Taxation In Doab and Token Currency By Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. [56] Historical documents note that Muhammad bin Tughluq was cruel and severe not only with non-Muslims, but also with certain sects of Musalmans. [84] The high mountain weather and lack of retreat destroyed that army in the Himalayas. Daulatabad Fort - by Ratnakar Sadasyula 24, pp. [106] The wazir's power grew as he appointed more amirs and granted favors. Daulatabad Fort, Aurangabad | Devgiri Fort History, Images - Holidify square kilometers. Historical records are - JSTOR Home [1][9], The dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad ibn Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. However, before he could begin the attack on Persian lands in the second year of preparations, the plunder he had collected from Indian subcontinent had emptied, provinces were too poor to support the large army, and the soldiers refused to remain in his service without pay. It was originally called Devagiri and founded by the Yadavas in 1187. India Daulatabad Fort, Maharashtra Doulatabad, Mahbubnagar, Telangana Doultabad, Siddipet district, Telangana Daulatabad, Murshidabad, West Bengal Doultabad, Bishnupur, West Bengal Daultabad, Uttar Pradesh Iran and Afghanistan Dowlatabad (disambiguation), a number of places See also Devagiri (disambiguation), former name of the fort Daulatabad: Yadava fortress. [59] He ordered a forced migration of the Muslim population of Dehli, including his royal family, the nobles, Syeds, Sheikhs and 'Ulema to settle in Daulatabad. However, the soldiers and peasants of Gujarat refused to fight the war for the Muslim nobility. Timur's invasion and destruction of Delhi continued the chaos that was still consuming India, and the city would not be able to recover from the great loss it suffered for almost a century. The open courtyard with guard-rooms now has several cannons for public display. Major Kanwal Singh was first commissioned officer from village in army and then his son Brig. Doulatabad - Wikipedia The citadel is dominated by a rugged basalt hill, the sides of which have been scarped into vertical faces, and beneath which are several palaces and mosques dating from the 13th to the 17th centuries. He punished those who had rendered service to Khusro Khan, his predecessor. [105] The young wazir was in open rivalry with Muhammad Shah, the son of Firuz Shah Tughluq. [29] However there is no contemporary sources corroborate this statement. Daulatabad has one of the most elaborate security mechanisms for a fort built in the medieval ages. Ibn Battuta arrived in India through the mountains of Afghanistan, in 1334, at the height of Tughlaq dynasty's geographic empire. In the years preceding his death, internecine strife among his descendants had already erupted. Question 4(b . He saw their role as propagandists who would adapt Islamic religious symbolism to the rhetoric of empire, and that the Sufis could by persuasion bring many of the inhabitants of the Deccan to become Muslim. The Tughlaqs Question 10 Detailed Solution. [21][22][23][24], Another of Tughlaq's court poet Amir Khusrau in his Tughlaq Nama neglects any mention of Tughlaq's arrival in India from a foreign land, presuming he was born in India. When did Muhammad Bin Tughlaq become the Sultan of Delhi?a) In 1450 ADb) In 1370 ADc) In 1310 ADd) In 1325 AD, 4. Who was the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty?a) Firoz Shah Tughlaqb) Muhammad BinTughlaqc) Ibn Battutae) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, 5. The princess, after learning about ransom demands against her family and people, offered herself in sacrifice if the army would stop the misery to her people. As he and his favorite son Mahmud Khan were returning from Lakhnauti to Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's eldest son Jauna Khan schemed to kill him inside a wooden structure (kushk) built without foundation and designed to collapse, making it appear as an accident. Feroze Shah Kotla ruins, painted in 1802. [107], The lowest point for the dynasty came in 1398, when Turco-Mongol[108][109] invader, Timur (Tamerlane) defeated four armies of the Sultanate. According to Ferishta, when the Mongols arrived to Punjab, the Sultan returned the elite back to Dehli, although Daulatabad remained as an administrative centre. His own nephew rebelled in Malwa in 1338 AD; Muhammad Shah Tughlaq attacked Malwa, seized his nephew, and then flayed him alive in public. The Tughlaq power continued to decline until they were finally overthrown by their former governor of Multhan, Khizr Khan. Elliot and Dowson, Trkh-i Froz Shh of Ziauddin Barani, Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India by Jl Mehta p. 97, A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, by Richard M. Eaton p.50. Coordinates: 19.942724N 75.213164E Daulatabad Fort, is a historic fortified citadel located in Daulatabad village near Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Mohammad Arshad (1967), An Advanced History of Muslim Rule in Indo-Pakistan. Muhammad bin Tughlaq responded by giving Ibn Battuta with a welcoming gift of 2,000 silver dinars, a furnished house and the job of a judge with an annual salary of 5,000 silver dinars that Ibn Battuta had the right to keep by collecting taxes from two and a half Hindu villages near Delhi.[86]. Delhi's aristocracy invited Ghazi Malik, then the governor in Punjab under the Khaljis, to lead a coup in Delhi and remove Khusro Khan. It was later captured by Allaudin Khilji and Malik Kafur. Vincent A Smith, The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Oxford University Press, Chapter 2, pp. Initially, Khizr Khan could only establish his control over Multan, Dipalpur and parts of Sindh. The Chand Minar made by Alludin II Bahmani is an example of Persian art and was Hathi Tank is an example of water management and was done by none other than Malik Ambar, a Siddhi military general of Ahmednagar. By then, Muslim nobility who had installed Firuz Shah Tughluq to power in 1351 had died out, and their descendants had inherited the wealth and rights to extract taxes from non-Muslim peasants. [83] The few soldiers who returned with bad news were executed under orders of the Sultan. But like all his grand plans, this one failed miserably too. Impregnable by military standards and an example of strategic planning, the fort falls between Aurangabad city and Ellora Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring Buddhist, Jain and Hindu monuments.
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